ブックタイトル明星大学 心理学年報 第32号

概要

明星大学 心理学年報 第32号

14明星大学心理学年報2014年第32号Figure 4. Scatter plots of participants’pleasantness ratings for target pictures (y-axis)and attitude scoresof target pictures from the SECT (x-axis)in Experiment 3. The left diagram is the scatter plot ofGroup C participants. The right diagram is the scatter plot of Group D participants.DiscussionThe present experiment measured attitudestoward emotionally positive, neutral, and negativetarget pictures;however,thetarget picturesdifferedbetween groups. Nevertheless, both groups of participantsdisplayed magnitude relationships forthree attitude scores similar to the previous experimentsand two-way ANOVA found significanteffects of the targets’original valences. Theseresults indicate that SECT attitude scores frompreviousexperimentswerenot anartifact causedbyspecific target pictures.However, attitude scores obtained in the presentexperiment werepartlyinconsistent withtheprediction.On attitude scores from the SECT, Group Cshowed significantly more negative attitude scoreson the neutral pictures compared to Group D.Although the present research does not providesufficient evidence to interpret this result, it ispossibleto makeinferences from thecontents oftheneutral pictures assigned to the two groups. Theneutral picture assigned to Group D, an electricaloutlet, is thought to be a less enjoyable commonobject despite being useful in dailylife,and participantsare thought to have a somewhat positiveimplicit attitudetoward thepicture.In contrast,theneutral picture assigned to Group C,a large pair ofcutting pliers,is thought to be an unfamiliar objectthat manypeopledo not usefrequently;thus,participantsare thought to havea morenegativeimplicitattitude toward it relative to the electrical outlet.Finally, a general analysis was conducted toexamine the difference between scores for targetandfillertrials.Asnoted,theanalysesinthepresentstudy included participants’response latencies forfiller trials,which haveno target pictureincluded intheir presentation pairs. This is because in caseswhen theoriginal and converted valenceofa targetpicture are inconsistent in a block,participants areexpected to be cautious in all of the trials in theblock and respond slowly on both target and fillertrials. To test this hypothesis, for all 102 participantsin Experiments 1, 2, and 3, attitude scoreswere calculated using only the response latenciesfor target trials. Similarly, other attitude scoreswere calculated using only response latencies forfiller trials (Table 9). To investigate differencesbetween the two sets of attitude scores,a 2(sourceof the attitude scores:target trials, filler trials)×3(original valence of the target: positive, neutral,negative)within-participantsANOVA wasconduct-Table 9Average of Two Types of Attitude Scores forSECT in Three Experiments in the PresentStudyTarget’s valenceSource of attitude scoresTarget trialsFiller trialsPositive85(135)82(105)Neutral10(109)-1(106)Negative-58(134)-68 (96)Note. Digits in parentheses are standard deviations.